THE FIRST MOON LANDING

On a muddy day in July 1969, the largest rocket ever built was lifted from a Florida launch pad, carrying three American astronauts on the verge of making history. Destination: Quiet base, moon. The Apollo 11 mission is the culmination of eight years of desperate work at NASA since US President John F. Kennedy defeated the Russians in 1961 and promised to land people on the moon by the end of the decade. did. The missions of the other moons continued, but captured our common passion for exploring the unknown, as in history when humans first stepped onto the surface of the alien world. There is no other moment. As we anticipate the 50th anniversary of our first lunar landing in July 2019, here are the key figures and moments for Apollo 11. Astronaut

There was intense speculation about which three astronauts NASA would choose for its first mission to the Moon. In the end, NASA chose three flight-enhanced astronauts known for their horizontal movement under pressure. They announced the historic crew in January 1969, just six months before the launch. Neil Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) The commander of the mission was Neil Armstrong, an engineer and pilot who previously flew on the Gemini 8. Armstrong has proven cool under pressure on many test flights, including the nearly disastrous flight of the prototype Lunar Module towards Apollo 11. Only Armstrong's quick thoughts allowed him to safely jump out and parachute down. Armstrong was NASA's first civilian astronaut to jump into space. Armstrong's life is covered in the 2018 Biography First Man. Buzz Aldrin (January 20, 1930)

Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin was the pilot of the lunar module and the second person to set foot on the moon. Aldrin has a PhD in orbital mechanics and the science of the spacecraft rendezvous, and he has the first PhD in space. His knowledge of spacecraft rendezvous in orbit proved to be invaluable during the flight of Gemini and Apollo. Aldrin completed two hours of EVA during Gemini 12, the final mission of Gemini 12. This shows that you can work in a vacuum in space.

Aldrin has been an enthusiastic supporter of human space exploration since Apollo 11. Michael Collins (October 31, 1930) Michael Collins was the command module pilot for Apollo 11. That is, he stayed in orbit around the Moon, welcoming Armstrong and Aldrin during the rise of the Moon. Michael flew into space twice. The first was on Gemini 10 and the spacecraft was tested for docking and EVA, and the second was on Apollo 11. He is said to be the loneliest person in history while flying alone on the moon, but Michael does not report loneliness, but reports "awareness, expectations, satisfaction, self-confidence, almost joy".

I am. Michael Collins is an author, a retired aerospace businessman, and a former director of the National Air and Space Museum. To relive the drama of the first mission to the Moon, there are 18 key moments that enabled Apollo 11 adapted from NASA's most entertaining and fascinating transcripts: July 16, 1969 Apollo 11 Saturn V rocket recorded at startup. Photo provider: NASA 09:32 EDT (14:32 BST) – Released The Apollo 11 crew will launch from the Florida launch pad behind the giant Saturn V rocket strapped side by side to the Colombian Command Service Module. The last word for the crew is "luck and good luck". Armstrong said, "Thank you. We know this will be a good flight."

12:22 PM EDT (5:22 PM BST) – Moonshot After 1.5 orbits around the Earth, the Saturn V rocket's third-stage engine ignites, causing significant combustion to lift Colombia from Earth's orbit toward the Moon at an initial speed of 24,200 mph.

July 19, 1969 Full moon acquired from Apollo 11. Credit: NASA 13:28 EDT (18:28 BST)-Lunar orbit Three days on the way to the moon, Colombia turns around and launches a rocket backwards for six minutes, slowing the spacecraft fast enough to be captured by the moon's gravity. This keyburn is happening behind the moon, from wireless communication with Mission Control. If the burns were too short, Apollo 11 would have orbited the moon and returned to Earth. If it burns too long, there is a danger that the vehicle will fall on the moon. Colombia is in orbit just 70 miles above the Moon.

July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong of the April lander. Photo provider: NASA 13:26 EDT (18:26 BST) – Separation of Command and Moon Lander Moonwalker Armstrong and Aldrin board the Eagle moon lander and say goodbye to Michael Collins, who orbits the moon in Colombia. The eagle descends towards the moon and scans the surface to find a suitable landing site.

16:18 EDT (21:18 BST)-Landing Armstrong struggles to find a smooth landing pad in a rocky field. He finds a spot at the last minute, lands with only 25 seconds of fuel left, and immediately sends mission control over the air. "Houston, a quiet base here. The eagle was flying." Aldrin describes the lunar surface as follows: Gray, very white chalky gray. "

22:39 – 22:56 EDT (03:39 – 03:56 BST, July 21st) – First Steps Armstrong and Aldrin, who found it impossible to sleep, instead prepared for the moonwalk more than five hours earlier than planned. After wearing the bulky EMU spacesuit, Armstrong slowly pushes in the narrow hatch of the lunar module down a nine-tiered ladder. When he reaches the second stage, he pulls the ring that triggers the camcorder. This camera captures the descent to the surface of the moon and returns it live to Earth.

22:56 EDT (03:56 BST, 21st July) Armstrong puts his left foot on the moon. It is the first time in history that humans have stepped on something that does not exist on Earth or does not originate from Earth. "It's a small step for humanity and a big leap for humanity," says Armstrong, one of the most famous phrases in history. Shortly thereafter, Armstrong describes the landscape as follows: It's like much of the high desert in the United States. " Armstrong immediately collects a small bag of soil in case the moonwalk is canceled.

23:11 EDT (04:11 BST, July 21st)-Second Step Aldrin lowers Hasselblad's camera onto Armstrong and when Armstrong shoots him.

23:41 EDT (04:41 BST 21 July) – The Flag The astronauts erect a three-by-five-foot, nylon United States flag. The top edge is supported by a wire so that it`s extended on the windless Moon. [Read more: Why does the flag appear to flap?] Many other flags were carried to and from the Moon, including a Union Jack, as a gesture of goodwill on behalf of the US government.

23:48 EDT (04:48 BST 21 July) – The Presidential Phone Call US President Richard Nixon calls the astronauts by telephone: “Neil and Buzz. I am talking to you from the Oval Room at the White House. And this is certainly the most historic phone call ever made. For all Americans, this should be the most proud day of our lives. And I'm convinced that not only Americans but people all over the world are aware of what this is all about. Thanks to what you have done, heaven has become part of the human world. When you speak to us from the calm sea, it encourages us to double our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to the planet. For a precious moment in human history, all the people on this planet are truly one. "

23:48 – 01:11 EDT (04:48 – 06:11 BST, July 21st) – Science and Rocks Armstrong and Aldrin work quickly to complete their lunar tasks. Armstrong collects 21.55 kilograms of lunar rock, and Aldrin sets up two scientific experiments to stay on the moon. Seismic detectors and laser reflectors (still used to measure the distance between the Earth and the Moon).

July 21, 1969 1:11 am EDT (06:11 BST)-End of lunar walk Astronaut begins removing the portable life-support system that it relied on for 2 hours and 47 minutes.

09:44 EDT (14:44 BST)-Good morning Michael Collins Michael Collins is still orbiting the moon and is awakened by mission control. They said, "Anyone who has been behind the moon since Adam and experienced loneliness like Mike Collins during the 47 minutes of each month's spin when no one speaks other than his tape recorder riding in Colombia. Not. "

54 EDT (18:54 BST)-Moon Launch Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the Moon in the Moon module, leaving a descent platform, two cameras, the American flag, and various experiments. When heading to Collins in orbit, they reach a vertical speed of 80 feet per second. They have moon rocks, film from the camera, and some foil that captures the particles of the solar wind.

17:35 EDT (22:35 BST)-Crew Reunion Eagle docks with Colombia while turning the other side of the moon, reuniting the three crew members. July 22, 1969 Apollo 11 returns to Earth. Sketch of NASA 00:56 EDT (05:56 BST)-Earthshot 444 On the other side of the month, Colombia suffers serious burns that lift the crew from the lunar orbit to the return orbit to Earth. July 24, 1969 Rescue of Apollo 11. Photo courtesy of: NASA 12:35 EDT (17:35 BST)-Re-entry After a three-day voyage, Colombia re-enters the Earth's atmosphere and temporarily wirelessly communicates when an aircraft is caught in plasma. Lose.

12:51 EDT (17:51 BST) – Splashdown! Colombia will land in the Pacific Ocean and will be quickly picked up by the salvage team. Upon leaving the spacecraft, a disinfectant is sprayed to protect it from potential "moon bacteria".

24-27 July 1969 Quarantine Astronaut arrives on the US flight deck by helicopter. Immediately with Hornet, proceed to the Mobile Isolation Trailer and stay there until July 27, when you arrive at the Lunar Acceptance Laboratory in Houston, Texas. President Nixon greets the astronaut through the trailer window. Speaking on the intercom, he tells them: "This is the best week in the history of the world since its creation ... As a result of what you have done, the world is closer than ever. As you have reached the stars before, we You can reach the stars".

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